Furthermore, besides CXCR4, the activation of NF-κB also regulates the expression of various inflammatory molecules including cyclooxygenase-2, matrix metallopeptidase-9, and endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule 1, all of which have been linked with HCC migration, invasion, and metastasis [32]. This evidence concerns the gene CXCR4 and hepatocellular carcinoma.