TNF and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: In addition, SPMS patients had increased expression of IFNG in CD4+T-cells and of LTB (lymphotoxin-beta) in CD4+ and CD8+T-cells and of TNFA, LTBR (LTB-receptor), TNFSF14 (LIGHT), and the transcription factors HLX and GATA3 in CD8+T-cells.