Among the top 15 fold change genes upregulated or downregulated by diabetes, 15 genes were clustered in metabolic process, such as Cyp2b9, Sult1e1, Hsd3b5 and Cyp2b13. Among the other 15 genes not in metabolic process, Vdac2 has been reported to inhibit mitochondrial apoptosis [35], and A1bg is specifically expressed in liver as shown in BioGPS (http:// biogps.gnf.org). This evidence concerns the gene SULT1E1 and diabetes mellitus.