We found that normal prostate epithelial cells (RWPE1) were null for CXCR4 [77]; however, three CXCR4-expressing PCa cell lines (22RV1, DU145 and PC3) dually expressed CXCR4 in both nuclear and non-nuclear fractions independent of SDF1α stimulation (Fig. 2A). This evidence concerns the gene CXCL12 and posterior cortical atrophy.