In separate publications a group in Hong Kong reported that elevated levels of IL-6, CXCL8, CCL2, and sTNFR-1 correlated with severe cases of A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection overall and, in particular, with the extent and severity of influenza-associated pneumonia [21], [22]. The gene discussed is CXCL8; the disease is susceptibility to pneumonia measurement.