IFNA1 and infection: We focused on published experimental data in which the authors had disabled one or more of the following immune responses: cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) which kill infected cells [73], [74]; antibodies (Abs) which bind and inactivate virus [75]–[77]; and interferon (IFN) which has many modes of action including reducing the production of virus by infectious cells and establishing an antiviral state in susceptible cells rendering them resistant to infection [78]–[80].