CES1 and Insulin resistance: Notably, increased CES1-mediated lipolysis in adipose tissue could cause disturbances of the glucose metabolism by elevation of the plasma levels of non-esterified fatty acids that can induce muscle and hepatic insulin resistance [30], [31] Also, cholesterol imbalance in adipocytes seems capable of inducing insulin resistance [2] and since CES1 is believed to have an important role in regulating the ratio of esterified and non-esterified cholesterol [32], such regulating role of CES1 could be reflected in the appearance of an association between levels of CES1 mRNA and cholesterol.