The majority of M2 markers (IL-1RII, CD163, CD206, Arg1 and Ym1) were also somewhat upregulated during the course of arthritis, although in lesser extent than the M1 markers, with the exception of Arg1 and Ym1 which were especially high at day 1 after induction of AIA (Fig. 1B). The gene discussed is CD163; the disease is arthritic joint disease.