Recently, in fact, Zhu and colleagues have demonstrated that MSC release exosomes able to strongly trigger VEGF- and CXCR4-mediated pathways in tumor cells through the activation of Erk 1/2 and p38 MAPK kinases, thus resulting in an enhanced angiogenesis and tumor growth in vivo[112]. The gene discussed is CXCR4; the disease is neoplasm.