We previously demonstrated that granuloma cells in Crohn's disease expressed CD86 (B7-2), CD80 (B7-1) and HLA-DR, and observed direct cell-to-cell contact between granuloma cells (including giant cells) and lymphocytes by immunoelectron microscopy.7 Furthermore, granuloma cells in Crohn's disease expressed CC-chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5 also known as RANTES) and T cells distributed around the granuloma expressed CC-chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), a cognate receptor for CCL5.8 These data are in accordance with the view that immune granuloma cells may function as antigen presenting cells (APCs). The gene discussed is CCL5; the disease is Crohn disease.