ERVW-1 and HIV infectious disease: The current study extends the previous study by including a larger number of women and men with recent HIV infection (73 women and 102 men) and by analyzing HIV diversity in env, gag, and pol. In this study, the similarity of results from the PEPI-Malawi trial (individuals likely to be infected with HIV-1 subtype C) and the US cohorts (individuals likely to be infected with HIV-1 subtype B) also suggest that HIV subtype has relatively little impact on the HIV diversity.