These experiments have established that miR-199a-5p is directly or indirectly involved in the regulation of genes previously associated with lung fibrosis: CCL2, a potent mononuclear cell chemoattractant, PLAU[54], a component of the fibrinolysis system, TGFBRI, the TGFβ receptor type I [55], MMP3[56] and CAV2[57]. Here, MMP3 is linked to pulmonary fibrosis.