These findings suggest that overexpression of TGFBR2 and EXT1 enhance chemosensitivity to IFN-α/5-FU in vitro and in vivo and support our hypothesis that if the genes sensitizing HCC cells to 5-FU are identified, they could be applied to IFN-α/5-FU therapy. This evidence concerns the gene TGFBR2 and hepatocellular carcinoma.