HSPA5 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Previous study found that GRP78 was overexpressed in a wide range of human tumors including HCC [2], [3], lung cancer [4] and gastric cancer [5], etc. Shuda et al demonstrated that GRP78 mRNA was elevated in HCC tissues compared to normal liver tissues, which indicated a possible involvement of the ER stress pathway in hepatocarcinogenesis [6].