In a previous microarray gene expression study by Showe et al, TLR1, 5, 7, and 8 were all down-regulated with concomitant suppression of the NFκB pathway in PBMC samples from early stage NSCLC patients, suggesting that innate response pathways are suppressed in the general immune response to NSCLC [23]. The gene discussed is TLR1; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.