In the recent study, CTSE was reported to have some anti-oncogenic potential: Kawakubo et al. demonstrated that CTSE specifically induces growth arrest and apoptosis in human prostate cancer cell lines by catalyzing the proteolytic release of soluble tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) from the cell surface [42]. This evidence concerns the gene CTSE and prostate cancer.