NPPB and HIV infectious disease: It is implied that the main HIV limiting steps in LTNP is T cell differentiation and apoptosis control with the associated genes including HLA-DPB1, HLA-G,IFNB1,NCKAP1L,NPPB,TGFBR2, CASP1,CASP7,and SETX, etc. Recent studies identified that host cell microfilament cytoskeleton plays a wide range of roles in HIV infection, including viral entry, reverse transcription, transport to the nucleus, integration and finally a correct budding and release from the cell [50].