These data are in accord with our previously reported significantly decreased MIF concentrations in tracheal aspirates in the first 48 h of NB human subjects (in the saccular stage of lung development) exposed to hyperoxia who go on to develop BPD at 36 weeks corrected postmenstrual age, compared to those who do not develop BPD [2]. The gene discussed is MIF; the disease is bronchopulmonary dysplasia.