At the peritoneal dissemination site, cancer cells usually generate a supportive microenvironment by producing stroma-modulating growth factors such as the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF) ligands, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family, interleukins and TGF-β (30,31). Here, VEGFA is linked to cancer.