We assessed the association between plasma endotoxin concentrations, plasma cytokines IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) levels, and local cytokine mRNA expression levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in relation to adenomas. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and adenoma.