The ECM3 score was significantly enhanced in ER-negative and -positive breast carcinoma cells upon treatment with TGFβ (Figure 3B; MDAMB231 cells, p = 0.016; BT474 cells, p = 0.045) or β-estradiol (Figure 3C; BT474 cells, p = 0.041; ZR75.1 cells, p = 0.018), while only TGFβ stimulation led to increased ECM3 gene expression in fibroblasts (Figure 3B; GM847 cells, p = 0.034), in which basal expression levels of ECM3 genes are 30- to 300-fold higher than in breast carcinoma cell lines (data not shown). Here, TGFB1 is linked to breast carcinoma.