Not only has miR-21 been identified as a driver of cardiac disease, but also substantially implicated and characterized in cancer conditions, and from these studies a plethora of direct miR-21 targets have been validated (by e.g. luciferase reporter assays), especially PDCD4, SPRY1, and reversion-inducing-cysteine-rich with kazal motifs (RECK), which regulates biological processes inherent to EMT [44]. This evidence concerns the gene SPRY1 and heart disorder.