Results derived from studies using TRAIL knockout mice have shown that TRAIL exerts a crucial role in tumor immune surveillance (Smyth et al., 2001, 2003; Takeda et al., 2001; Cretney et al., 2002; Finnberg et al., 2008; Grosse-Wilde et al., 2008). The gene discussed is TNFSF10; the disease is neoplasm.