In this study, curcumin treatment in vivo effected both inflammatory (diffuse alveolar damage, DAD) and fibrotic lesion development leading to a significant reduction in the development of ALI/ARDS in reovirus 1/L-infected mice in this pre-clinical model, which may be manifested, at least in part, through the modulation of cytokine/chemokine expression through NFκB and through modulation of myofibroblast differentiation and fibrosis through the regulation of TGFß receptor II (RII). Here, NFKB1 is linked to acute respiratory distress syndrome.