[1], [2] This effect is probably best achieved if the treatment is administered early, ideally immediately after cognitive examination and diagnosis. [3] Guidelines issued by the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare for treatment of dementia state that patients with mild to moderate AD should be offered cholinesterase inhibitors for cognitive symptoms, while patients with moderate to severe AD should be prescribed memantine. The guidelines also declare that treatment must be followed up for dose adjustment and regularly thereafter at least once a year. [4]. The gene discussed is BCHE; the disease is dementia.