Both CD39 and CD73 were highly increased at the mRNA (Fig. 5A and B) and protein levels (Fig. 6A and B, D) in the single HPC group; however, in the E3d HPC group, CD39 and CD73 mRNA (Fig. 5A and B) and protein levels were unchanged (Fig. 6A and B, D). Here, ENTPD1 is linked to hereditary chronic pancreatitis.