VEGFD and tuberous sclerosis: In a phase 3 multicenter trial (MILES Trial) evaluating the efficacy of sirolimus for the treatment of LAM (sporadic and TSC associated), VEGF-D levels were elevated at baseline (2029±2343 pg/ml, all subjects, n = 89) and decreased in the group treated with sirolimus for 12 months (862±540 pg/ml, n = 41), but not in the placebo group (2444±3862 pg/ml, n = 34).