HMOX1 and Plasmodium vivax malaria: Recently, host factors associated with oxidative stress, such as the enzymes superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD-1) and haem oxygenase (HO)-1, as well as molecules that are linked to metabolic adaptation to iron overload during malaria-triggered haemolysis, have been identified as very potent biomarkers to distinguish individuals developing more severe forms of vivax malaria [7-9].