In the group of individuals presenting with severe non-lethal malaria, parasitaemia displayed significant positive associations with TNF, sTNF-RI, IFN-γ, IL-10, CXCL9, CXCL10, SOD-1 and HO-1, while negatively correlated with the chemokines IL-8 and CCL2 (Figure 2B). Here, TNF is linked to malaria.