While PAR1 deficient mice are protected in various models of ischemia, it is simplistic to consider PAR1 antagonism as a treatment option to block astroglial pathways of neuroinjury, since a clinical trial with the oral PAR1 antagonist vorapaxar for treatment of acute coronary syndromes was associated with significantly higher rates of intracerebral hemorrhage [22, 47, 48]. This evidence concerns the gene F2R and ischemia.