Although high dose treatment with PPARγ agonist also was also found to inhibit human breast cancer cells growth, it is most likely that these effects are mediated through PPARγ-independent mechanisms because the preponderance of experimental evidence strongly suggest that elevations in PPARγ expression is an indicator of robust breast cancer cell growth and resistance to anticancer therapy, whereas a reduction in PPARγ expression is an indicator of decreased breast cancer proliferation and increased responsiveness to chemotherapeutic agents. The gene discussed is PPARG; the disease is breast carcinoma.