CXCL12 and acute myeloid leukemia: In contrast, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL) chemokines were usually increased (CXCL8, CXCL10, CXCL12) with only CXCL5 being decreased in human AML [39,40,43,44,46,47,48,49,50,51,52].