Primary human AML cells usually show high constitutive release of CCL2/3/4/5, CXCL1 and CXCL8; a large subset of patients also shows relatively high release of CCL5/13/17/22/24 and CXCL5/9/10/11 [40]. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL5 and acute myeloid leukemia.