Results from analyses of CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL11, CXCL8 and CXCL10 in serum for 117 MDS patients showed that the mean CCL3 level was significantly lower in MDS compared with normal samples, and the CCL5 levels also seemed to be lower in MDS. Here, CCL3 is linked to myelodysplastic syndrome.