In order to elucidate whether the early steps of gliomagenesis can be recapitulated by starting from mature primary astrocytes, we transduced p53−/− cortical astrocytes with active c-Myc and/or Akt, oncogenes that are implied in the development of human glioblastoma [18], [44]. The gene discussed is AKT1; the disease is glioblastoma.