No significant changes in the E2:P4 ratio or serum T and VEGF-A levels were observed (Table 1 and2), but there was a significant correlation between serum E2 and VEGF-A levels in the early stages of IUP (r = −0.67, P < 0.01) (Table 3). The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is inverted urothelial papilloma.