Despite the central role of IL-10 in suppressing T cell and macrophage activation within the granuloma, IL-10 neutralization or infection of IL-10 knockout (KO) mice results in only marginally reduced bacterial loads (de Waal Malefyt et al., 1993; Jacobs et al., 2002; Chiu et al., 2007; Higgins et al., 2009). This evidence concerns the gene IL10 and infection.