MAPK3 and gastric carcinoma: It is possible that CXCR1/2, interacting with their ligands, activate ERK1/2 and AKT phosphorylation, which in turn mediates the expression of indicators of proliferation, growth, apoptosis, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis; and activation of the signaling pathway results in poor progression of gastric carcinoma (Fig. 3).