TNF and acute pancreatitis: IL-1β and TNF-α are key cytokines implicated in the initiation and propagation of acute pancreatic inflammation in various experimental models of acute pancreatitis.[42], [43] Using ELISA, we confirmed increased IL-1β and TNF-α concentration in the pancreas of mice within 24 hrs of ligation-induced acute pancreatitis (Fig. 10).