Concentrations of eight cytokines including I-309/CCL1, RANTES/CCL5, MCP-2/CCL8, IL-8/CXCL8, MIG/CXCL9, MCP-1/CCL2, IFN-γ and PDGF-BB, were significantly elevated in TB-PEs (Fig.1 B). Here, CCL5 is linked to tuberculosis.