Home samples collected in boric acid after a patients largest meal of the day and returned for analysis by post remain well correlated with mixed-meal test serum C-peptide (r = 0.83, combined data from reference [63] and [62], insulin-treated diabetes) and are a sensitive and specific test for the presence of significant endogenous insulin secretion and differentiating long-standing Type 1 diabetes from other diabetes subtypes (Fig. 2) [62,63,65]. Here, INS is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.