SERPINE1 and Sepsis: In sepsis, plasma levels of non-survivors were >2-fold higher compared to survivors [25], [28], [29] and patients with homozygosity for the 4G allele (PAI-1 4G/5G promoter polymorphism) were 2 to 3-fold more susceptible for development of septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome MODS, and had a 2-fold higher risk of dying of MODS compared to patients with different genotypes [30], [31].