ACE and kidney disorder: The presence of a 287 bp Alu insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism with a high minor allele frequency (0.4–0.47) within the ACE gene [2], [3], combined with the intrinsic function of the enzyme, has resulted in over 500 association studies between the human ACE gene and a wide range of disorders, most notably cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes and related renal disease [4]–[7].