Similar to our mouse model data, elevated expression of inflammatory mediators such as COX2 and CCL2 as well as production of DNA damaging mediators 8-Oxo-dG and γ-H2AX were associated with the development of human ESCC (Figure 6C and 6D) [28], [48], [50]. Here, H2AX is linked to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.