In animal models of myocardial infarction, the intramyocardial injection of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) activated the formation of cardiomyocytes and coronary vessels within the infarcted area through their binding to the receptors of the resident CSCs (8,46). The gene discussed is HGF; the disease is myocardial infarction.