Among these, TGFβ, a well-known cytokine involved in many steps of cancer dissemination, has been shown to be increased in cancer cells, Indeed, levels of active TGFβ as well as activation of the Smad-dependent signaling pathway have been shown to be augmented under hypoxia through increased processing of the precursor from and/or bioactivation of the latent growth factor [3]–[5]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and cancer.