TGFB1 and infection: An increased TGF-β1 expression measured using Western Blot in the liver of experimental infected mice was observed from day 2 (0.9-fold) to day 360 (3.2-fold); it peaked at day 180 (8.2-fold) after infection with E. multilocularis, then decreased to lower levels, albeit higher than in control mice until the end of follow-up; difference between experimental and control mice was significant at day 90, 180, 270 and 360 (P<0.05).