AR and Familial prostate cancer: Interestingly, while the relative contribution of androgen-dependent transcriptional and translational mechanisms to the regulation of TMEFF2 expression cannot be accurately determined from our studies, previous prostate cancer xenograft data demonstrated that TMEFF2 protein, but not mRNA, levels were increased in recurrent tumors and in tumors obtained from 6-day castrate mice treated with testosterone [10], and correlate with the expression of androgen receptor [60].