Hsu et al. (2005) applied the same model to HLA-identical HSCT showing that patients with missing KIR ligands for which the donor possessed a specific KIR exhibited increased survival through decreased relapse incidence in AML and MDS patients. An overview of studies investigating the role of KIR genes in clinical stem cell transplantation is given in Table 2. The gene discussed is KIR3DL1; the disease is myelodysplastic syndrome.