A nested case-control study performed on 295 sera from women pre-dating their ovarian cancer diagnosis and 585 matched control samples, showed that two peaks identified by MALDI, described as the connective tissue-activating peptide III (CTAPIII) and the platelet factor 4 (PF4), can be associated with CA-125 to improve early diagnosis [49]. The gene discussed is MUC16; the disease is ovarian carcinoma.