A recent 8-week randomized, crossover study in CKD patents at stages from 2 to 4 demonstrated that sevelamer carbonate treatment reduced advanced glycation end products, hemoglobin A1C, and biomarkers of inflammation (8 isoprostanes and monocyte intracellular TNF-α) indicating there may be important clinical implications of binding other Proinflammatory mediators [50]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and chronic kidney disease.