MAPK8 and neoplasm: Others regulators that induce AP include tumor suppressors, such as PTEN, TSC1 and TSC2 complexes, and the death-associated kinase (DAPK); stress-activated signaling molecules, such as c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1), and those that respond to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (PERK, eIF2α-kinase, and IRE1), and molecules involved in innate immune signaling, such as TLRs and immunity-related GTPases [90].