The African-specific HLA-DRB1*03:02 allele, which is associated with protection for Type 1 diabetes, occurs on the HLA-DQA1*04:01-HLA-DQB1*04:02 haplotype and on no other HLA haplotype in our samples (Table 4). This evidence concerns the gene HLA-DQA1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.