Both studies reported an African-specific HLA-DRB1*07- HLA-DQB1*02 haplotype that predisposed to Type 1 diabetes and carried the 03:01 allele at HLA-DQA1, which is associated with increased risk of Type 1 diabetes in Europeans, suggesting a causal role for HLA-DQA15. The gene discussed is HLA-DRB1; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.